Many people assume that young people are the primary source of problem drug and alcohol use, however, there are a large number of senior citizens and older people who abuse substances regularly, some even to the point of forming an addiction. There are many reasons why an older person may turn to drugs and alcohol; children grow up and leave, friends become fewer, loneliness and boredom, helping to alleviate pain and bad health, and coping with losing a loved one of many years. On top of this, some people may have a problem with drugs and alcohol for many years, and if it goes untreated, it can continue well into elderly life.
Warning signs of substance abuse & addiction in older adults
Spotting the warning signs of addiction and substance abuse is more difficult in the elderly. This may be because interaction is less frequent, they are secretive about their problem, or they are misdiagnosed due to their age and related ailments.
Here are some warning signs of alcohol and drug abuse in seniors:
- Solitary or secretive drinking, a ritual of drinking before, with, or after dinner, and ignoring warning labels on medication
- A loss of interest in hobbies or pleasurable activities
- Immediate and frequent use of tranquillisers
- Slurred speech, empty liquor and beer bottles, the smell of alcohol on breath, change in personal appearance
- Chronic and unsupported health complaints
- Hostility or depression
- Memory loss and confusion
The health risks associated with drug and alcohol abuse are far more severe in older adults. Falling due to impaired coordination becomes more likely, the chance of mixing prescription medication with harmful substances increases, withdrawal symptoms become more dangerous (especially from opioid painkillers, alcohol and benzodiazepines), the possibility of fatal overdose is heightened, and the already dangerous results of abusing substances are far worse in seniors.
Why senior substance abuse is misdiagnosed
Providers may confuse symptoms with other chronic health conditions or natural, age-related changes. Many are also prescribed medications to manage these conditions, including some which may be addictive. Because of this, doctors may overlook signs indicating prescription drug abuse in older adults, including frequent doctor visits, running out of medication early, doctor shopping, or having multiple controlled medicines prescribed.
Treatment for elderly substance abuse
Research shows that older patients have better results with longer durations of care. Once a problem with drugs or alcohol has been identified, several treatment options are available. Some patients may benefit from less invasive outpatient treatment programs, whereas some will require medically assisted treatment to detox and inpatient rehab to effectively begin recovery. Some may also require specialist treatment for ongoing medical conditions that can be exacerbated by recovery (from severe withdrawal symptoms, for example); others may have co-occurring mental health conditions that also need treatment.
Please speak to your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about addictions.